What are the characteristics of GLDA.Na4?

GLDA·Na₄ (Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate) is a next-generation, environmentally friendly chelating agent. Its key characteristics stem from its unique molecular structure derived from L-glutamic acid, a natural amino acid.

1. Core Chemical Characteristics

Biodegradability: The standout feature. GLDA readily biodegrades (both aerobic and anaerobic) into harmless substances (water, CO₂, inorganic salts), meeting stringent ecological standards (e.g., OECD 301). This makes it a preferred alternative to persistent chelants like EDTA.

Chelating Strength: Possesses four carboxylate groups, enabling h3, stable complexation with di- and trivalent metal ions (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺). Its binding strength is effective across a broad pH range, though optimal in alkaline conditions.

High Solubility & Stability: The tetrasodium salt form offers excellent water solubility and good thermal/chemical stability in aqueous formulations.

2. Functional & Performance Characteristics

Superior Sequestration: Effectively controls water hardness ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and prevents precipitation of metal soaps or scales.

Detergency Builder & Booster: Enhances surfactant performance by inactivating metal ions that interfere with cleaning, leading to better stain removal and whiteness maintenance.

Peroxide Stabilizer: Stabilizes hydrogen peroxide and peracids in bleaching formulations, preventing catalytic decomposition by metal ions.

Mild & Safe Profile: Derived from a natural feedstock, it exhibits low toxicity (low ecotoxicity, not classified as a skin irritant) and is suitable for "green" or sensitive product formulations.

3. Environmental & Regulatory Profile

Renewable Carbon Source: Typically produced from fermented plant-based L-glutamic acid, aligning with bio-based and sustainable chemistry trends.

Favorable Regulatory Status: Approved for use in various consumer products (e.g., detergents, personal care) and holds positive assessments from bodies like HERA and the EU's Ecolabel program due to its favorable environmental footprint.

4. Comparison with Traditional Chelants (e.g., EDTA, NTA)

Characteristic GLDA·Na₄ EDTA·Na₄ NTA·Na₃

Biodegradability Excellent (inherently biodegradable) Poor/Persistent Moderate/Poor

Renewability Yes (bio-based) No (petrochemical) No (petrochemical)

Ecotoxicity Low High concern for persistence Moderate concern

Chelating Strength Strong (suitable for most applications) Very Strong Moderate

Primary Applications

Cleaning & Detergents: Liquid laundry detergents, automatic dishwashing, hard surface cleaners (as a builder, stabilizer, and water softener).

Personal Care: Chelating agent in shampoos, liquid soaps, and cosmetics to stabilize formulations and improve clarity.

Industrial & Institutional Cleaning: Replace EDTA/NTA in applications requiring an effective yet eco-friendly chelant.

Agriculture & Pulp/Paper: Micronutrient chelation and peroxide stabilization.

Summary

GLDA·Na₄ is characterized by its powerful chelation capability combined with excellent biodegradability, bio-based origin, and favorable safety profile. It represents a sustainable, high-performance alternative to conventional, persistent chelating agents, effectively balancing industrial performance with environmental responsibility.